The Paris Climate Change Conference brought together over 36, participants, nearly 23, government officials, 9, representatives from UN bodies and agencies, intergovernmental organizations and civil society organizations, and 3, members of the media. A leaders event, dating brought together over Heads of State and Government, was held on Monday, 30 November, to generate political will towards an agreement. During the first week, work concentrated under the ADP, which launched a contact group to consider crosscutting issues and items not associated with agreement articles, and established spin-off groups to work on the text of individual articles in the draft agreement text and their associated decision text, as well as decision text on pre ambition.
Parties also adopted 34 decisions, 23 under the COP and 12 under the CMP, that, inter alia : adopt the Paris Agreement; enhance technology development and transfer through the Technology Mechanism; decide on the process to assess progress made in person when online dating to meet in job to formulate and implement national adaptation plans NAPs ; extend the mandate of dating Least Developed Countries Expert Group LEG ; adopt the terms of reference for the third comprehensive review of the implementation of the capacity-building framework; address methodological issues under the Kyoto Protocol, including clarification of the Section G, Article 7.
The Kyoto Protocol entered into paris on 16 February and now has parties. The deadline for concluding the two-track negotiations was in Copenhagen. Dating high-profile event was marked by disputes over transparency and process. Inover countries indicated support for the Accord. More than 80 countries also provided information on their national mitigation targets or actions. Parties agreed to consider the adequacy of the global long-term goal during a review. The Durban outcomes job a wide range of topics, notably a decision on long-term cooperative action under the Convention and agreement on the operationalization of the GCF.
The meeting adopted an ADP decision that, inter aliainvites parties to initiate or intensify domestic preparations for their intended nationally determined contributions INDCs.
Summary report, 29 November – 13 December 2015
The decision also addresses enhancing pre ambition. The Lima Conference was able to lay the groundwork for Paris by capturing progress made in elaborating the elements of a draft negotiating text for the agreement with nri dating sites your adopting a decision click the following article INDCs, including their scope, upfront information, and steps to be taken by the Secretariat after their submission.
The Geneva negotiating text adopted at ADP served as the basis for the negotiations of the agreement. The ADP also discussed workstream 2 pre ambitionparis particular its mandate, and proposed elements that could comprise a decision on workstream 2. The groups considered placement of paragraphs in the Tool, engaged in conceptual discussions on key issues, and, in some cases, started developing textual proposals. The ADP Co-Chairs were mandated to produce a revised non-paper to serve as the basis for further negotiations. InformalNote and ADP.
InformalNote with draft agreement and decision text under workstream 1, and draft decision text under workstream 2. Parties agreed to forward the revised non-paper, dated 23 See more atwhich captured the work undertaken by parties at ADPto serve as the basis for further negotiations under the ADP.
Parties also requested that the Secretariat prepare a technical paper, which would identify closely related paragraphs and duplication within sections, and possible job for streamlining, without making any changes to the content of the text. UN General Assembly President Mogens Lykketoft underlined that the Paris meeting needed to deliver a political agreement with equity and ambition at its core.
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UNFCCC Executive Secretary Christiana Figueres called on ministers to exercise political leadership to craft an agreement that meets national and local needs, lives up to scientific integrity, safeguards the vulnerable and promotes sustainable prosperity for all. The high-level segment then continued through Tuesday, 8 December, with statements from Heads of State and Government, Deputy Heads of State and Government, ministers and other heads of delegation.
InformalNoteand a technical paper produced by the Secretariat identifying closely related concepts, duplications and areas for streamlining ADP. Outlining the mode of work, he said the open-ended contact group would review progress made by spin-off groups and allow for coherence on cross cutting issues. Parties agreed that the informal notes issued on 6 and 10 November Job.
InformalNote would form the basis for negotiations, with the exception of discussions on finance, paris would be based on the 23 October text, which was issued at the close of ADP Each meeting of the contact group began with reports back from the co-facilitators of the spin-off groups. Matters not assigned to specific spin-off groups were discussed in the contact group, including both decision and agreement text. A compilation text capturing progress made in the ADP on the draft agreement and decision text was published on Thursday morning 3 December.
Parties agreed that the ADP Co-Chairs would produce an updated, clean and streamlined text, with clear options, developed in consultation with spin-off group co-facilitators. They agreed that bridging proposals developed by the spin-off group co-facilitators would be kept in a separate document, and that spin-off groups be used when necessary to reach agreement.
Decision Paragraphs Not Related to Specific Articles in the Draft Agreement: During substantive negotiations, discussions in the contact group on these issues centered around the adoption of the agreement and took place throughout the week. Parties converged on provisionally applying the agreement pending entry into force, as well as on a body to prepare for entry into force, including using the ADP under a new name or mandate, with its operational arrangements.
ADP Co-Chair Djoghlaf presented a proposal to rename the ADP as the Ad 2015 Working Group on the Paris Outcome, and that the working group: prepare for the entry into force of the agreement and convene the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Agreement CMA ; oversee implementation of the work programme resulting from relevant requests in the decision; report to the COP; and hold its first session in The US, China, Saudi Arabia, Iran and others asked for more clarity on the working modalities, particularly chairing arrangements.
In a subsequent contact group meeting, ADP Co-Chair Reifsnyder presented a revised proposal containing paragraphs on: taking note of the synthesis report on the aggregate effect of INDCs; noting the ambition gap; and noting expressed adaptation needs. Parties also considered an amended draft decision paragraph on updating the synthesis report. Saint Lucia, supported by a number of parties, and opposed by the Arab Group, introduced a new paragraph urging the update to the synthesis report to take into account 1.
Parties also debated decision text on: giving effect to the paris, specifically efforts by various actors; administrative and budgetary matters; a facilitative dialogue; and a request to the IPCC for paris special report. On the role of various actors, the Co-Chairs proposed replacing references to local communities and indigenous peoples in paris paragraph on welcoming the efforts of all actors to address climate change with a new paragraph recognizing the knowledge, technologies and efforts made by local communities and indigenous peoples.
Bolivia opposed juxtaposing local communities and indigenous 2015 with the private sector. On a paragraph requesting the IPCC to provide a special report on the impact of a temperature increase of 1.
Tuvalu noted that newer information may be available that was not considered during the last assessment report cycle. India and China underscored the need for information on how to paris temperature goals. 2015 and Cross-Cutting Issues: The contact group took up issues of relevance to the agreement as dating whole at various points during the week. On differentiation, all parties agreed that the new agreement should reflect differentiation. Several parties observed the need to recognize the special circumstances of small island developing states SIDS and least developed countries LDCs dating, with Saudi Arabia noting that this is already in the Convention.
Saying the world has not changed, Malaysia, for the LMDCs, underlined that historical responsibility lies with developed countries. He underscored that developed countries have yet to meet their Convention or Protocol obligations regarding mitigation and means of implementation MOIwhich the EU and Australia disputed in their cases.
Informal consultations were held on Tuesday-Thursday, December. In the spin-off group, parties were divided on preamble paragraphs regarding, inter alia : vulnerability; historical emissions; human rights; food security; land use; forestry; sinks and reservoirs; and carbon pricing.
Many developing countries called for references to vulnerability and special circumstances. Two parties, opposed by two others, requested that language on response measures paris bracketed in a paragraph on the intrinsic relationship click climate change, poverty eradication and sustainable development. In the ADP text that was forwarded to the COP, brackets remained around the paragraphs on historical emissions and evolving economic and emission trends.
Parties were divided on whether to see climate change in isolation, or as intertwined with economic and social issues, human rights, gender equality, and paris of indigenous peoples and local communities, among others.
Some suggested these issues could be addressed in the preamble. One group of parties, opposed by another, strongly supported the inclusion of a 1. In the ADP text that was forwarded to the COP, most of the text remained bracketed, with particular disagreement on the long-term temperature goal and dating app of response measures, loss and damage, and the rights of people under occupation.
In job, two options remained for enhancing implementation or achieving the objective of the Convention. On purpose draft 2015 2 bisone group of parties, opposed by several parties, stressed that this article was needed as a crosscutting article to ensure all elements in the agreement, including transparency of action dating hoger support, are treated with parity in terms of differentiation.
Another said the article might be a prudent way to determine differentiation without having to address it separately paris every element of the agreement. Three parties opposed, saying paris the article undermines the nuances of what is being negotiated in other parts of the agreement. Several parties noted that the language would have to be improved upon to make clear linkages with the rest of the agreement. One party asked that both paragraphs in the article be bracketed, noting the legal implications must be clear.
A group dating parties explained that the article was not intended to be a legal obligation but rather to guide the legal obligations in the rest of the agreement. In the ADP text that 2015 forwarded to the COP, the entire text, and many terms and phrases within the text, remained bracketed. The US reiterated that purpose should be reflected in the respective parts of the agreement, preferring no text for this article.
Mitigation draft Articles 3, 3 bis and 3 ter job Associated Decision Text: On mitigation, parties discussed, inter aliafeatures, support and timing of contributions, and non-market mechanisms.
On Tuesday, 1 December, spin-off group Co-Facilitator Perrez reported from bilateral consultations that no landing zone existed yet on information, housing and long-term strategies. Parties agreed to replace agreement text on the long-term goal with text developed in informal consultations under the spin-off group. On Wednesday, 2 December, the spin-off group heard reports from facilitators of party-led informal discussions, which reflected some progress in identifying clearer options in the draft agreement.
Co-Facilitator Perrez also reported back from consultations, noting, inter aliawork by two parties on a textual proposal on response measures. India indicated interest in further consultations on unilateral measures. On Thursday, 3 December, parties reviewed a new compilation text, and new agreement and decision text proposals prepared by the co-facilitator and two party facilitators that sought to capture existing options on: accounting, and methods and guidance; cooperative approaches; and a mechanism to support sustainable development.
On the text proposals on cooperative approaches and mechanisms, parties made minor amendments. Parties agreed to forward the new text proposals, as job, to the contact group as a starting point for discussions.
The EU stated all countries should seek economy-wide targets but there should not be shared timelines. The US added that developing countries https://telegram-web.online/interracial-dating-yahoo-answers.php be eligible for support in implementing their contributions, and LDCs and others should have flexibility to submit at their discretion without 2015.
Sudan, for the African Group, and Malaysia, for the LMDCs, underlined that developed country parties should have quantified economy-wide targets. Nicaragua and Bolivia called dating neighbor Mother Earth to be reinserted in the text.
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Bolivia, with Venezuela, urged the inclusion of non-market mechanisms. On the links between adaptation and mitigation, several parties supported referencing that the more parties mitigate, the less all countries will need to adapt, as a universal concept.
Two parties underlined dating need for this to be factually correct, noting that regardless of mitigation actions there will be a need for countries to adapt.
A group of parties underlined the need for an assessment of the adequacy of support from developed countries and recognition of the adaptation efforts by developing countries, or increasing adaptation costs and needs, and the 2015 to adaptation.
On dating cluster of paragraphs related to cooperation, a group of dating country parties, supported by a developed country job, underlined the importance of strengthening institutional arrangements, and another noted a proposal to create a technical and knowledge platform.
The US, EU and Canada suggested that the paragraph on the adequacy of support could be in decision text or the global stocktake. On Wednesday, 2 December, in the contact group, Co-Facilitator Andrea Guerrero Colombia reported that despite progress on some parts of the text, there was substantial work remaining.
On Thursday, 3 December, Tuvalu expressed worry that there had not been substantive discussions on loss and damage in the spin-off group and urged reinsertion of language on loss and damage that preserves the issue 2015 an independent article. Finance draft Article 6 and Associated Decision Text: Parties addressed finance in the context of the new agreement during the ADP contact group meetings and debated textual proposals in spin-off group meetings and party-led informal informal meetings throughout the week.
In the spin-off group, on Tuesday, 1 December, parties focused on ex ante communications and their linkages with the global stocktake, scale and scaling up, actions and commitments, as well as on predictability and institutional 2015 in informal informal meetings.
On institutional arrangements, job identified some bridging proposals and discussed, inter alia : the necessity of listing existing funds in the text; relevance of existing guidance from the COP to the operating entities; and the ability of the CMA to recommend decisions to the COP. On Thursday, 3 December, parties agreed on language stating that the provision of financial resources should or shall aim to achieve a balance 2015 adaption and mitigation, taking into account country-driven strategies, and the priorities and needs of developing countries.
Parties exchanged views: on dating special treatment and access modalities for LDCs and African countries; the need to simplify procedures for accessing financial resources; whether certain provisions on measurement, reporting and verification MRV 2015 support could be better placed within the transparency section of the agreement; text on enabling environments, results-based payments, carbon pricing and variety of sources, among others. During the contact group meetings on Thursday and Friday, December, delegates expressed their respective views on differentiation and MRV in the context of the provision of support, predictability of support, and the issue of balancing support between mitigation and adaptation.
A group of developing country parties introduced a new bridging proposal on the technology framework. After numerous amendments to the proposal, including job the role of developing countries and economies in transition and the need to dating support for technology development and transfer, Co-Facilitator Mpanu-Mpanu agreed job forward the proposal as originally formulated.