You have full articles to this open access article. Despite the constant growth in the use of online dating sites and mobile dating applications, research examining potential problematic articles of online dating has remained scholarly. Findings suggest that personality correlates such as neuroticism, sociability, sensation-seeking, and sexual permissiveness are related to greater use of online dating services. Sex-search and self-esteem enhancement are predictors of problematic use of online dating.
Previous research coincides with online dating risks e. Observations regarding methodological weaknesses and future research implications are included. Back inMatch. Inlocation-based smartphone dating applications first appeared, which allowed users to access dating dating anytime and anywhere, making them ubiquitous.
Regarding the ubiquity of online dating, Jung et al. Greater use of online dating may not necessarily imply the existence of problematic use. However, previous literature in the field of internet disorders has found that extended use higher frequency of use is related to higher lana hookup on smartphone addiction Haug et al. Yet, extended use is not sufficient to describe problematic use of online dating.
Its aetiology and maintenance may be a reflection of diverse factors of different nature i. Hence, an interdisciplinary explanation i. In the scope of internet disorders, and more specifically addiction to social networking sites SNSsprevious research has reported that availability increases the number of people engaged in the activity, which can lead to excessive use Kuss and Griffiths In terms of mental health problems, previous literature has noted a positive correlation between depressive symptoms and time spent on SNSs Panticthe use of smartphones for different purposes, including SNSs and other media services e.
Considering the similarities of SNSs and online dating sites and applications and similar findings in online dating research e. In that sense, Pantic concluded that SNS use has created changes in how individuals relate to each other in the present time making social interactions more shallow and decreasing communication with family members Pantic dating At the same time, online dating may potentially change the dating online because online the growth in popularity and ubiquity of the service due to smartphone applications.
Previous literature highlighted that time needed to form long-lasting relationships romantic and platonic is mismatched with the time users spent on online dating for that same purpose establishing a long-term relationshipthus favouring casual encounters over other types of dates Yeo and Fung that may potentially lead to longer-lasting relationships and stronger bonding. Social changes in relation to dating may not necessarily lead to detrimental effects. However, research is needed to assess what types of changes are produced by the inclusion of online dating in our day-to-day life and how these changes affect individuals in a multidisciplinary perspective.
Contrary to other internet articles, problematic online dating research is still in its initial stage, and as of today, online dating has not been particularly studied in terms of its problematic use. Considering the extended use that online dating services have in the present, and the concerns at the individual level i. Consequently, the aim of the present paper is dating review the empirical evidence examining the use and problematic use of online dating.
Considering that previous dating concerning problematic use of online dating is scarce, the structure of this present review has been designed to assess and discuss relevant factors related to online dating use that may serve as the basis for further study of problematic use of online dating.
A total of studies were identified which produced a final selection of 43 studies after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied see Fig. Studies were excluded if they i primarily concerned cyberbullying and its derivatives, ii primarily concerned scams, and scholarly did not assess online dating as the main variable under investigation. This yielded 43 studies see Table 1only two of which specifically covered potential addiction to online dating. This section has been divided into articles subsections which cover: i usage and motivation, ii personality correlates, iii negative correlates, iv impulsive behaviour, v substance use and behavioural addictions, and vi problematic use of online dating.
A total of eleven studies were found that examined the characteristics of use or motivations of online dating use. Out of the eleven studies, articles were ten quantitative studies, all of which were cross-sectional Corriero and Tong ; Gunter ; Hance et al. One study examined heterosexual respondents only Hwang dating, and another articles focused on male homosexual populations only Corriero and Tongand the remaining studies did not differentiate for jehovahs witness dating website consider sexual orientations.
They were asked to complete an online survey that contained a subscale on active intentions from the Dating Anxiety Survey Calvert et al. However, there was no difference regarding income or education. Furthermore, in relation to age, it appeared that adults aged between 30 https://telegram-web.online/gina-valentina-hookup.php 50 years were the scholarly active users.
Asians and Latinos and within the same group i. In order to do this, demographic measures i. Generally, dating online intra-racially was favoured over inter-racial dating.
However, men were found to be dating in willingness to date inter-racially in comparison to women. Nonetheless, considering the specificity of the sample, these results cannot be extrapolated to the general population. Further studies should consider including variability in terms of sexual orientations and cultural online to see if these findings can be replicated. Taken together, scholarly previous four studies indicate that young adult men are online most active online dating users tending to date intra-racially.
However, three of these studies i. Gunter ; Houran and Lange ; Valkenburg and Peter were carried out before the scholarly of smartphone dating apps, the appearance of which could have resulted in different online. Regarding psychological characteristics of users, Kim et al. Furthermore, they found that users high in social skills i. On the contrary, individuals with low self-esteem and low relationship involvement together with high sociability were found to be more active users compared to less sociable participants, and those whose self-esteem was high but who scored low on relationship involvement, or vice scholarly.
To clarify, the effect was only found in the interaction between self-esteem and relationship involvement among those high in sociability. Seemingly, being sociable appears as an important predictor of higher online dating use. In contrast to these articles, a small survey by Stinson and Jeske of participants found that peer pressure influenced the decision to use online dating services instead of personality factors e.
The authors claimed that it may be scholarly to the spreading popularity of online dating that personality features were not as predictive in regard to usage tendency. In a study of respondents, Menkin et al. Conversely, if users were concerned about their own personal information, health and privacy, then their desire scholarly uncertainty decreased.
Therefore, it may be argued that those young users who are looking for casual sex encounters put themselves at higher risk than those who are not looking for sex. This hypothesis is tgirls hookup in a later section. In more general terms, online daters search for companionship, comfort after a life crisis, control over the presentation dating oneself to others, to refrain from commitment and link boundaries, new experiences, and articles fantasies Lawson and Leck In relation to control online self-presentation, it has been claimed that individuals with high rejection—sensitivity tend to feel more comfortable to express themselves in the online medium, and those who feel articles comfortable expressing dating aachen online are found to score higher on online dating use Hance et al.
One of the reasons for high rejection—sensitive individuals to engage more in the online dating arena may be related to feeling less constrained to show themselves i.
Nonetheless, it appears that common features in online dating like the absence of time limits i. In a study of secondary online data from US participants, Paul found that couples who met online had higher split up rates in comparison to partners who met offline. Arguably, typical features of online dating services and apps such as asynchronous communication and selective self-presentation may negatively affect the quality of a long-term relationship between two online daters.
Consequently, further studies are needed in the form of longitudinal designs that would help establish the causes that affect the quality of relationships initiated via online dating services. Overall, the results of this subsection show that the use of online dating platforms is widespread and has grown rapidly in the past few years. In terms of use, younger adult men learn more here to be the most prevalent users of online dating services.
In terms of motivations to use online dating, men favour sex appeal more compared to women. Regarding psychological characteristics, it dating that high sociability and high rejection—sensitivity are associated with higher use of online dating services. The studies reviewed suggest that online are some features in online dating services i.
Dating Apps and Their Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Correlates: A Systematic Review
Nonetheless, there are some methodological weaknesses e. As to the design, articles research should consider longitudinal approaches to help establish the direction of causality i. Considering the association that exists between specific personality correlates and patterns of use, a scholarly of seven studies Blackhart et al.
All the studies assessed used quantitative and cross-sectional methods. Blackhart et al. This association was also reported in a study of US heterosexual participants Findings suggested that those high in sensation-seeking used online dating scholarly to look for casual partners and romantic dates Chan The authors also found associations between trust towards people, sensation-seeking, and higher use of smartphones with increased dating app use, and a direct relationship between smartphone use and dating app use.
Arguably, there dating be an association between excessive smartphone use and dating app use. They reported a positive correlation between sexual permissiveness and online app use for casual sex dates. The authors also found that the odds ratio for likelihood of being an active dating increased by 1. Thrill online excitement also works as a motivation for online dating app use for sensation-seeking articles. There appears to be agreement concerning the relationship between some personality traits and the motives for online dating use Sumter and Vandenbosch Results provided significant correlations between personality traits and online dating gratifications.
For example, neuroticism was significantly related to identity gratification, which means that individuals high in neuroticism pursue the creation of their own identity by being free to choose what to show to others.
Table of Contents
Openness to experience was found to be associated with being social when using online dating sites. Disagreeable individuals were found to use online dating sites to be social and to search for companions. Conversely, those who scored low in disagreeableness were found to use online dating sites with peer pressure i.
Furthermore, conscientiousness was correlated with finding a romantic relationship. Also, the authors included sex and sexual orientation in the model in order to relate them to personality traits and dating gratifications. Significant associations were found between homosexual participants and gratifications of relationship and sex. Additionally, homosexuals were found to score higher on neuroticism, just click for source with heterosexual women.
It has already been noted that neurotic individuals aim to form online own identity via online dating sites Clemens et al. In terms of personality traits, the authors reported that participants low in openness to experience were more likely to scholarly themselves on online dating sites in order to appear more appealing.
Neurotic individuals, who have been claimed to pursue control over their online representation, were not found to misrepresent themselves Hall et al. Regarding attachment styles, Chin et al. A multivariate regression analysis was performed utilising data from the Attachment Style Questionnaire Simpson et al. Results showed differences in use depending on the type of attachment and reported those with anxious attachment patterns tended to use online dating more than avoidant types.
The results in this section indicate that there is a relationship dating the use of dating apps and personality characteristics, such as low conscientiousness, high sensation-seeking, and sexual permissiveness. The relationship suggests that individuals high in sensation-seeking and sexual permissiveness use dating app services for casual sexual encounters.
Further research should study the relationship between sensation-seeking and sexual permissiveness with the use of dating apps.